446 SS / UNS S44600 / W.Nr. 1.4763
446 Stainless Steel
446 stainless steel is a ferritic stainless steel that contains a high amount of chromium and a small amount of molybdenum. This composition gives 446 stainless steel its exceptional resistance to corrosion and degradation at high temperatures.
The history of 446 stainless steel dates back to the mid-20th century when it was first developed as an alternative to other stainless steel grades for specific applications. Since its inception, it has proved to be a reliable and durable material, making it a popular choice in various industries.
One of the key features of 446 stainless steel is its high chromium content. Chromium is a crucial element in stainless steel as it forms a protective oxide layer on the surface, preventing corrosion and rusting. The addition of molybdenum further enhances the material’s resistance to corrosion, especially in harsh environments.
446 stainless steel is widely used in applications that require excellent heat resistance. It can withstand temperatures up to 1100°C (2012°F) without losing its mechanical properties. This makes it suitable for use in high-temperature furnaces, heat exchangers, and other equipment that operate under extreme heat conditions.
Applications of 446 Stainless Steel
446 stainless steel is a versatile material that finds extensive use in various industrial and domestic applications. Its unique combination of heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and durability make it well-suited for a wide range of uses.
Industrial Uses
One of the primary applications of 446 stainless steel is in the industrial sector. Its exceptional heat resistance makes it an ideal choice for manufacturing equipment used in chemical processing plants, refineries, and petrochemical industries. In these harsh environments, where high temperatures and corrosive substances are present, 446 stainless steel exhibits excellent performance and longevity.
Specifically, 446 stainless steel is commonly used in furnace parts, such as radiant tubes, muffles, and retorts. These components are subjected to extreme temperatures and corrosive gases, and the heat resistance of 446 stainless steel ensures their reliable operation over prolonged periods.
In addition, 446 stainless steel is widely employed in pipelines and heat exchanger components. These critical elements play a crucial role in various industrial processes, including oil and gas refining, power generation, and chemical manufacturing. The exceptional corrosion resistance of 446 stainless steel ensures the integrity and efficiency of these systems, even in aggressive environments.
Domestic Uses
Aside from its industrial applications, 446 stainless steel also finds its place in everyday household items. Its unique properties make it a popular choice for kitchen appliances, such as cookware and utensils.
When it comes to cookware, 446 stainless steel stands out due to its hygienic properties and resistance to staining. It is a preferred material in professional kitchens and home kitchens alike because it does not react with acidic or alkaline foods, ensuring the preservation of flavors and the quality of cooked meals. Furthermore, its non-porous surface makes it easy to clean and maintain, making it a reliable choice for those who value convenience and hygiene.
Moreover, 446 stainless steel is also utilized in food processing and storage applications. Its durability and non-reactive nature make it an excellent material for food containers, ensuring the safety and freshness of stored goods.
Comparing 446 Stainless Steel with Other Types
446 vs. 304 Stainless Steel
When comparing 446 stainless steel with the commonly used 304 stainless steel, several differences become apparent. While 304 stainless steel offers good corrosion resistance, it is not suitable for high-temperature applications like 446 stainless steel. On the other hand, 446 stainless steel provides superior heat resistance but may have slightly lower corrosion resistance in specific environments.
446 vs. 316 Stainless Steel
Similar to the comparison with 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel also has certain distinctions from 446 stainless steel. Although 316 stainless steel offers excellent corrosion resistance, it may not withstand high temperatures as effectively as 446 stainless steel. Therefore, the choice between the two depends on the specific requirements of the application at hand.
Benefits of Using 446 Stainless Steel
High Temperature Resistance
One of the primary advantages of 446 stainless steel is its exceptional resistance to high temperatures. It can withstand temperatures up to 950°C (1742°F) without significant deformation or loss of strength. This makes it ideal for applications where exposure to elevated temperatures is a regular occurrence, such as industrial furnaces, exhaust systems, and heat exchangers.
Oxidation Resistance
Another significant benefit of 446 stainless steel is its excellent oxidation resistance. Even at high temperatures, it forms a protective oxide layer on its surface, preventing the material from corroding or degrading. This oxide layer acts as a barrier against aggressive elements, making it highly suitable for environments where oxidation is a concern, such as chemical processing plants and power generation facilities.
Durability and Strength
446 stainless steel exhibits impressive durability and strength, making it highly resistant to mechanical wear and tear. Its high tensile strength and toughness allow it to withstand heavy loads and impacts without undergoing deformation or failure. This durability makes it a preferred choice for structural components in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.
446 Stainless Steel – Applicable Specifications
| Form | ASTM | ASME | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
446 Stainless Steel Pipe |
A268 | SA268 | EN 10297-2, ISO 683-17 |
446 Stainless Steel Tube |
A268 | SA268 | EN 10297-2, ISO 683-17 |
446 Stainless Steel Bar |
A276 | SA276 | EN 10088-3 |
446 Stainless Steel Sheet/Plate |
A240 | SA240 | EN 10088-2, ISO 15510-7 |
446 Stainless Steel Welding Filler Wire |
A5.9 | SA5.9 | AWS A5.9 |
446 Stainless Steel Forgings |
A182 | SA182 | EN 10222-5, ISO 683-18 |
Common Trade Names
446 Stainless Steel is known by a few common trade names, including Grade 446 Stainless Steel, AISI 446 Stainless Steel, and UNS S44600 Stainless Steel. Additionally, it is sometimes referred to by its brand names, such as Pyromet 446 and Cronifer 446.
Key Properties
(in annealed condition)
| Properties | 446 Stainless |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 75 ksi (515 MPa) |
| Yield strength | 40 ksi (276 MPa) |
| Elongation | 20% |
| Hardness | Brinell: 217 |
Chemical Composition (%)
| Element | 446 Stainless |
|---|---|
| Chromium (Cr) | 23.0 – 30.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.50 max |
| Silicon (Si) | 1.00 max |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.75 max |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.040 max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030 max |
| Carbon (C) | 0.15 max |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
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